思维导图联合案例教学法在手术室新职工带教中的应用

目的 探讨思维导图联合案例教学法在手术室新职工带教中的应用效果,为提升新护士手术配合能力提供参考。方法 将2019年8月-12月手术室新入职的护士设为对照组(n=38),将2020年8月-12月手术室新入职护士为观察组(n=31)。对照组采用传统教学模式,观察组采用思维导图联合案例教学法教学模式。比较2组理论及操作考核成绩、自我导向学习能力及临床思维能力。结果 干预后观察组操作考核得分高于对照组(t=-2.688,P=0.009),自我导向学习能力量表的学习评价维度评分高于对照组(t=-2.056,P=0.044);评判性思维、系统思维的得分及临床思维能力总分均高于对照组(t=-2.090,P=0.040;t=-2.011,P=0.048;t=-2.170,P=0.034 )。结论 思维导图联合案例教学法可提高手术室新入职护士的实践操作能力和临床思维能力,具有推广应用的价值。     

New psychoactive substances: new service provider challenges

Abstract

This paper presents findings from a 6-month study of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use in Manchester, UK. Drawing on interviews with 53 NPS users and 31 stakeholders, the paper documents a notable shift in the drug using landscape. It highlights how the homeless community – traditionally associated with alcohol dependency and problematic intravenous heroin and/or crack cocaine use – are now switching to smoking synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, while men who have sex with men (MSM) and engage in chemsex – who have traditionally been strongly associated with the recreational use of ecstasy and other stimulants – are now developing problematic intravenous drug using habits. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this shift for existing models of treatment service delivery. In particular, it outlines the necessity for treatment services to develop innovative engagement strategies, alongside clearer referral pathways and improved service integration.     

基于三维打印技术制作钛合金修复体修补兔颅骨缺损的研究

目的 通过三维(3D)打印技术协助新西兰兔个体化钛合金修复体进行预制行颅骨缺损修补,探讨3D技术在颅骨缺损重建中的运用价值。方法 选取健康雄性新西兰兔12只制作颅骨缺损模型成功后,螺旋64排CT薄层无间距逐层扫描获得断层数据后进行格式转换构建三维颅骨立体模型,利用3D打印机进行修复体的三维原型制造,结合模型利用钛合金修复体进行骨性缺损区域精准修补。结果 钛合金修复体与骨性缺损区域及边缘组织契合满意,术中一次固定到位,避免反复剪裁,操作阻力小,伤口均一期愈合,不良反应较少,未观察到颅内感染、头皮溃烂、钛合金外露、排出及移位等不良现象。术后颅骨外形与健侧相比更美观、功能修复满意,并邀请三位同行医师评估修复满意度,以100%为满意,取平均值,满意率为98.78%。结论 与颅骨缺损修补术相比,3D打印技术可快速、精准结合钛合金,对个体化修复颅骨缺损区尤其是复杂解剖形态“适形”可能更胜一筹,值得临床推广运用。     

男男性行为人群艾滋病病毒新发感染风险的队列研究

目的 了解与分析影响MSM人群HIV新发感染的危险因素。方法 通过MSM队列研究,随访调查目标人群在随访期间HIV相关行为暴露情况,进而通过广义估计方程,分析该人群HIV新发感染影响因素。结果 2013－2015年对4 305名HIV阴性MSM进行了随访观察。网络交友的MSM发生被动插入性肛交的比例和肛交坚持使用安全套的比例高于会所酒吧和浴池交友的MSM。随访研究期间HIV平均阳转密度为4.3/100人年,被动接受肛交性行为者发生HIV新发感染的风险是主动插入方的2.20倍（95%CI：1.49～3.24）;使用助性剂（aRR＝1.55, 95%CI：1.10～2.17）、不能坚持使用安全套（aRR＝2.24,95%CI：1.62～3.08）和梅毒感染（aRR＝2.95,95%CI：2.00～4.35）是HIV新发感染的主要危险因素;而控制了其他因素后,3种交友方式与HIV新发感染的关联不再有统计学意义。结论 MSM人群中造成HIV流行的因素较为复杂,亟需多角度开展研究,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供依据。     

‘I expected just to walk in,get my tablets and then walk out’: on framing new community pharmacy services in the English healthcare system

Reconfiguration of the healthcare division of labour is becoming increasingly attractive in the context of increased patient demand and resource constraints. One example is the introduction of extended roles for pharmacists to provide patients additional support to manage their medicines, while also reducing work pressures experienced by other health professionals. Understanding how such policies are framed by those delivering and receiving care has been under‐theorised. Using Goffman's frame theory, we examine one newly introduced community pharmacy service (New Medicines Service (NMS)) to illustrate how a policy intended to support patient medicine‐taking through the extended roles of pharmacists is framed and where this deviates from its proposed aims. Three themes emerged: (i) the spatial‐material artefacts; (ii) existing discursive culture and practice around medicine‐taking; and (iii) the NMS interactions that shape and govern framing and subsequent interpretation of the NMS. Our study offers an explanatory and dynamic view of the framing process with important lessons for reconfiguring medicine management policy and practice. As well as illustrating framing as being variegated, complementary or conflicting, it also shows how this plurality and fragility had consequences for patient engagement and sense‐making. The consequences for engagement and recommendations for implementing future initiatives are discussed.     

青岛市男性新型毒品滥用人群艾滋病病毒感染及危险行为调查

目的 了解山东省青岛市新型毒品滥用者使用新型毒品的情况、性行为特征及HIV感染状况。方法 采用横断面调查设计,2015-2016年在青岛市依托MSM社会组织和社区中男性新型毒品滥用者志愿者,滚雪球法招募男性新型毒品滥用者,样本量估计为933人。收集其吸毒、性行为,检测HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体,检测新型毒品滥用情况。采用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库、SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。结果 共招募1 034人,MSM组431人（占41.7%）和非MSM组603人（占58.3%）。与非MSM组相比,MSM组年龄较低,未婚比例较高,文化程度较高。最近6个月用过冰毒的比例MSM组和非MSM组分别为49.7%（214/431）和100.0%（603/603）,用过零号胶囊的比例分别为66.8%（288/431）和0.0%。最近6个月与多人共用毒品者的比例MSM组和非MSM组分别为87.9%（379/431）和97.7%（588/602）（χ²=39.84,P<0.01）。最近6个月使用毒品后发生性行为从未使用安全套的比例,非MSM组（47.5%,285/600）高于MSM组（7.4%,32/430）（χ²=190.10,P<0.01）。最近6个月使用新型毒品后发生多人性行为的比例,MSM组和非MSM组分别为78.1%（335/429）和5.5%（33/600）（χ²=573.73,P<0.01）。MSM组的和非MSM组的HIV抗体阳性率、梅毒抗体阳性率、HCV抗体阳性率分别为2.1%和0.2%、3.3%和6.3%、0.0%和0.3%。结论 青岛市男性新型毒品滥用人群中有较高比例的多人共同吸毒,在有男男性行为的新型毒品滥用人群中,使用毒品后的群体性行为发生率高,HIV抗体阳性率较高,安全套使用率低,应重点加强对这部分亚人群的干预。     

Diagnostic power of VEGF,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in patients with breast cancer. A multivariate statistical analysis with ROC curve

PurposeVascular endothelial growth factor is an important factor in promoting angiogenesis in malignant processes, matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the degradation of extracellular matrix, which enhances metastasis, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 is its inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic power of these parameters in comparison to CA15-3 in breast cancer patients and in relation to the control group.Materials/methodsThe study included 120 breast cancer patients, 60 patients with benign breast tumors and 60 healthy women. Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CA15-3 by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay.ResultsTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 showed the highest value of sensitivity in breast cancer group (86.25%) and, more importantly, highest value in breast cancer stage I (85%). Vascular endothelial growth factor also showed high sensitivity (stage I and II–75%, III–85%, IV–70% and 76.25% in total breast cancer group) and the highest specificity (85%) from all tested parameters. It was also the only parameter which had statistically significant area under curve in all stages. In the total breast cancer group all tested parameters showed statistically significant area under curve, but the maximum range was obtained for combination: ‘vascular endothelial growth factor + CA15-3′. Vascular endothelial growth factor seems to be the best candidate for diagnosing breast cancer stage I and for differentiating between breast cancer and non-carcinoma cases.ConclusionsThe combined analysis of tested parameters and CA15-3 resulted in an increase in sensitivity and area under curve values, which provides hope for developing new panel of biomarkers that may be used in diagnosing breast cancer in the future.     

The effect of enzyme replacement therapy on clinical outcomes in female patients with Fabry disease – A systematic literature review by a European panel of experts

BackgroundHeterozygous females with Fabry disease have a wide range of clinical phenotypes depending on the nature of their mutation and their X-chromosome inactivation pattern; it is therefore important to examine outcomes of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in the female patient population specifically. This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review of treatment outcomes with ERT in adult female patients.MethodsA comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted through January 2017 to retrieve published papers with original data on ERT in the treatment of Fabry disease. The review included all original articles that presented ERT outcomes data on patients with Fabry disease, irrespective of the study type.ResultsClinical evidence for the efficacy of ERT in female patients was available from 67 publications including six clinical trial publications, and indicates significant reductions in plasma and urine globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation (in female patients with elevated pre-treatment levels) and improvements in cardiac parameters and quality of life (QoL). To date, data are insufficient to conclude on the effects of ERT on the nervous system, gastrointestinal manifestations, and pain in female patients with Fabry disease.ConclusionsThis review of available literature data demonstrates that ERT in adult female patients with Fabry disease has a beneficial effect on GL-3 levels and cardiac outcomes. The current evidence also suggests that ERT may improve QoL in this patient population, though further studies are needed to examine these results.